Burner for liquid fuel



BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL Filed Aug. 2k. 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet l Closed prfau s 1924. www@ F. K. HETSCH BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL Filed Aug. 2, 1920 5 sheets-'sheet 2 ,UWM-,19242, MUUUUS K. HETSCH BURNER For@ LIQUID FUEL Filed Aug. 2, 1920 v 5 Sheets---Sheefl 5 9 www Api 8, 1924.

' l F. K. HETSCH BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL I Filed Aug. 2,'1920 snemwsneez 4 www@ if. K. HETSCH BURNER Fon LIQUID FUEL Filed Aug. 2 192@ Patented pr. 8, 1924.

FRANZ KARL HETSCH, OF MANNHEIM, .GERMANY.

BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

Application alea au'gast 2, 1920. Vserial No. 400,884.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS F THE ACT 0F MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. L., 1313.)

lie it known that I, FRANZ Kain. Hic'rscn, a citizen of thc Free State of Czechoslovakia. residing at l\'l'annhei1n Germany7 have invented certain new and usetul 11nlns provements in Burners for Liquid vFuel (Germany. 9th April. 191.9, Patent No. 343.716, Nor. 'i'. 1921: Czechoslovakia. 26th June. 1920; Fraiure, 28th June. 1920A; Italy, 20th June. 1920; Sweden. 29th June. 1920; Belgium. :20th June. 1920: England. 2nd ,.llily. 1920; Poland. 2nd July. 1920: Spain.

14th July. 1920: Deinnark. '229th July-I` 1920;v

havitzerlantl.l 5th August. 1920: Rumania, 27th November. 1020; in the Netherlands, 19th March. 1921: Japan. 27th May. 1921), o't`.\\'hich the following is a Specification.

.'lhis invention relates to a burner for liquid fuel with annular mixing chamber.

` with regard to the other set. a sleeve being supply of fuel.

fixed in the casing at` the rear end oftho regulating piece so that said regulating piece in combination with said tixed sleeve can regulate the vcross section of the -pasc sages for air and faul through the displacenient of said conc in axial direction. 'lhe special construction of the burner with ad- Iinstable regulating cone permits of an easy The overflow channels or passages for the air can further beformed so that the cross sections gradualtv aryl in the direction in which the air m'oves. said sections being large enough to reduce the. loss from pressure within the burner as much as possible. ".lhere can further be arranged in the regulating conerespectively in the casing in which the Sallie is located, passages for auxiliary air which xan be suitably regulated and in which g \*rating air currents are produced between which the jet of air and liquid fuel mixture proper is enclosed. whereby the adhering of oil particles upon the wall of the burner is [n'eventcd and a thorough spraying of the liquid fuel is etlected. This is particularly importanty if neavy oils are used. The ratio of mixture of oil and air can be properly .regulated so that complete combustion is ensured for any fuel. the. regulation being effected through the proper construction ofthe fixed sleeve and of the passage-s which can be regulated.

The improved burner is particularly adapted for heavy oils, as the fuel is already adinixed with air when it is admitted to the mixing chamber, eddies being formed i'n the mixture in said mixing chamber through oppositely directed air currents before the mixture linally tlows throughspiral-shaped channels to the orifice of the burner from which it escapes in a perfectly sprayed state.v

. In the accompanying drawings the invention is shown hy Way of example in severa-l forms ot' construction.

y Figs. 1 and 1a show the first form of construction of the burner in longitudinal Section, the regulating cone being shown in cach ligure in another position.

Fig. 2 is a section on line 7 7 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sce-tion on line S---Fi of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows another form of construetion of the fixed sleeve.

Figs. 5. 5 and 6. (3 representl two moditied forms of construction of the burner in longitudinal section similar to Figs. 1 and 1a.

Figs. 7 and S illustra-te dagrannnatically the correspomling air currents.

Fig. 9 shows a fourth form o'l' construction of the burner with adjustable air nozzles adapted'to be displaced inV axial direclfon and with separate oil supply.

1n the form of construction shown in Figs.

'1- to 3 the burner is composed-of a mixing chamber formed bythe easinga and by the regulating cone b and of a sleeve (l for regulating the admissio" of air and liquid fuel. The sleeve (l is tixed to the cover c by means of ribs The regulating cone Y) consists of a hollow body which is cone-shaped at the. end turned towards the oritice of the burnerv and at its rear part. The .largest diameter ot' the regulating cone 7; is situated at the part u of the wall of the casing. The hollow body b has lol'igitudinal ribs b upon the rear part and L upon thev front part, in 'trout of and behind the largesty diameter,

the outer 'edges of said ribs being in contact with the inner surface of the wall of the casing a. Channels f, formed by the ribs bv serve for connecting the air chamber c with the mixing chamber y, jsaid channels stand* ing obliquely with regard to the axis of the burner,A being almost spiral-shaped- The bottom of these channels f rises towards the mixing chamber g. Channels fr are formed by the ribs or partitions b said channels fr being curved in a direction contrary to the direction or curvature of channels f.

In the rear end of the casing a a sleeve l is ixed by means of ribs Z3. The regulating cone b is'arranged in such a manner that it can be displaced upon the sleeve and in the casing a., the displacement in axial direction being eti'ected by means of the spindle m guided in the cover c and of the nut n. A13- cording to the position of the cone ZJk more or less perforations p of said cone will communicate with the annular groove d of the sleeve d, said groove being connected with' the burner conduit o through a boring l.

It the regulating cone I)l is in the position shown atthe upper half of Fig. l the oil passages p and the air passages f and q communicating with the mixing chamber g are obturated. If the regulating cone b is brought into the position shown at the lower half of Fig. 1, all the oil passages' are connected with the annular groove al', and the air passages f and g are uncovered completely so that air for the mixturevis admitted through the passages f, air for spraying the liquid fuel being blown in through the passages g. r'his position corresponds with "the full working of the burner.

For intermediary positions the orifices of the oil and air-passages are released in such.

a proporti'on that, at all positions of the regulating cone l), distribution of the fuel and air mixture `is regulated automatically through the position of the regulating cone b with regard to the fixed sleeve d so that l only such a quantity is supplied to the burner which can be always burned completely.

In the burner of this form ofconstruction the openings of the passages at f and q can always be exactly regulated according -to the degree of loading of the burner, the

passagefrom F to f and from Q to q being effected so uniformly that loss from pressure Within the burner is absolutely avoided, great velocities of the air happening only at such parts where they are required for the obtention of a perfect spraying. A perfect spraying is thus ensured also with any degree of load upon the burner even with a lesser wind pressure than would be necessary otherwise.

Fig.` 4' shows another form of construe:

tion of the burner according to which thev annular groove e. of the fixed sleeve which is open at one side, is closed by a ring t them an annular gap which can be enlarged or reduced by means of the fixed sleeve cl. There is further arranged, besides the airfuel passage f and the passage g for the spraying air, an auxiliary spraying channel 7c so that in all three air currents are provided. The air current f, which is divided into several currents by means of the ribs b (ctr. Fig. 3) draws the fuel along which is admitted through the perforations p, to-arrivein the enlarged spraying chamber g as a mixture of oil` and air after it has iiown through the nozzle rg Where the highest. air speed is attained. he passages for the air currents g and 7c are arranged tangentially so that the air currents are made to rotate tostrike upon the mixture of fuel and air which is coming out of the channels f, with the greatest velocity from the inside as well. as from the outside, after they have left the" nozzle-shaped orifices. The mixture is thus completely enclosed by. gyrating air currents whereby the adhering of oil particles upon the walls of the burner is prevented.

The passages g and c are arranged in such4 a manner that the one air current rotates to the left the other air current rotating to the can be made either not to gyrate at all or inV a direction opposite to the direction in which the mixture gyrates. Y

Fig. 7 shows a burner of similar construction, in which however the increased spraying effect is obtained through baling re-`l peatedly the oil and air mixture-which comes out of the passage f through being struckfrom the inside and from the outside by spraying air which lows out of the adjust able passages g1 and g2 respectively k1 and k2. Fig. 8. illustrates diagrammatically how the air currents fiom-the air from the passages g1 and q? rotating in one direction and the air'comingfrom passages k1 and c2 rotating in the opposite direction, the fuel and air mixture flowing between said air currents.

The burners of improved construction as hereinlaiore described are particularly adaptedV l'oi' heavy oils as tli.` inost pei'ltcl spraying is ensured the oil and air mixture being carried within the spraying air so that it lr-es nett-eine in contactv willi the waltsimilarly good spraying ett'ect eanbe obtained without gri-ating air currents if the adjustable nozzles are arranged so that they alternate in axial direction as lshown tor example in Fig. t. 1n this ease'it. is advisable to conduct the fuel by means of'sinall tubes /1 to about the middle. of the air current f so that the oil drops which-get ont ot' the tubes are surrouiuled on all sides by air, the vone air current having thus the ellect of two air currents. the'air coming not ,in contact with the walls.

A furtherincreased spraying etl'ect is obtained where. the fuel flows out of nozzle f` v the current f/ ot spraying air liowing along the oriliee of the nozzle atv an acute angle so that the oil is thoroughly ditl'used within the burner in the various air currents which strike the one upon the other and which penetrate into one another, the fuel being hereafter conducted to the month of the nozzle at a combustible state. This arrangeinentdias the advantage of the. leastinner re? sistance respectively'of the least expense of energy for spraying. v

In the 'apparatus constructed as shown in Figs. 5. ti and 5t the nozzles rl.. 1'. .7.: as well as the oil passages 71 are also regulated through displacement. ofthe regulating cone b.A The regulatin of the cross section of the nozzles 7" and f/ o' the regulating cone being how! ever effected through the cooperation with the distributor d fixed to the cover c the regulationot the cross section of 7e and of the passages` p for the fuel being etl'ected through the etniperation with a valve face o arranged in the asing (i. The fuel supply is thus also simplified, as the oil conduit o canbeI made to communicate directly with the circular groove fl arranged iu the valve tace n. The middle. part -of the burner is furtherfree to be used for the air'passages` so that the passage from one cross section to the other can be niade gradual in all the air passages` the highest velocities being used only at the points where they are necessary to ensure a good spraying eti'ect. As further an almostI rectilineal direction otl the :nain currenttis obtained through making the nozzlesf. and 1/ slightly eoni'eah only a. yetv small inner loss ot pressure will occur with .this burner.

I elain'ir- A 1. An iiniiroved burner for liquidfnel fioniprising in combination with the burner casing an inwardly projecting rearwardly bent partition in said casingehaviiig an air inlet in its rear part and forming an annular air chamber at the rear end of said easin .gr separated from the .mixing chamber t'ornied in the front part ot`the casing. a

bottoni plate closing thev rear end of the casing. a forwardly projecting hollow body fixed upon said bottoni plate having air inlets at its rear end and an aninilai' groove tor 't'uel in the outer surface at itsfront end. a i'uel supply pipe terminating in said annular groove. a regulating cone upon the t'ront end of said hollow body. a shaft of said regulating cene guidedin said bottom plate ot' the casing and axially arranged in said hollow body so that an inner annular air channel is foi-ined between said shaft` the rear end of said regulating cone and .theiniicr surface of' said hollow body` a rearwardly proiecting. sleeve-like extension of said regulating cone tightly enclosing said hollow body having outlet openings for the. fuel adapted to be brought in connnunication with said fuel groove of thehollow bodyand airoutlets at the front end so that said inner-annular air channel `gets narrower towards said air outlets. an outer .annular air channel getting narrower towards the front end being t'ornied between.

the 'outer surface ot' said sleeve lik-e` extension of the regulating cone and said 'parti-r tion of Lthe easingribs proieeting from the outer surface of said regulating cone forining channels whichv connect. said annular air channels with Said inner chamber and means for adjusting the regulating cone in axial direction with regard to said hollow body and tor regulating .f-uiniltane.ouslv the quantity of airl and fuel supplied'tothemixing chamber. c

2. An improved burner fdr liquid fuel comprising in combination with the burner rasing having an air inlet at its rearpart and forming anannular air chamber in its rear and a ymixing chamber in its front part, a ring in said annular chamber forming on 'its inner surface a fuel distributing groove,

a fuel supply tube connected with said fuel distributing groove. a bottoni plate closing the rear end of said casing, a forwardly projecting hollow body fixed upon said bottoni plate. a regulating cone in said hollow body -so that its pointed front end projects from said hollow body` a shaft. of said regulating cone guided in said bottom. plate ot the casing and axially'arranged in saidv hollow body so that an inner aiuinlar air channel is foi-ined between said shaft'. the rear end of said regulating'cone and the iuiier surface of said hollow bodyv` said air channel getting narrower towards the front end` au outer sleeve like part of said regulating cone having outlet openingsfor the fuel in itsl rear end adapted to be brought in etuninunication with said fuel distributing` groote of the casing, an inwardly projecting.thickened part of'said sleeve like.

part foi-tiling at its rear part an outer annulai air channel together with the outer su rface of saidhollow body and having air v holes in its front part situated in front of said hollow body, ribs connecting said sleeve like part with .said regulating cone and forming channels which connect theannular air cliambersgwith the mixing chamber` and means for adjusting the regulating cone j distributing groove, `a bottom plate Yclosing in axial direction with regard to the hollow body for opening the inner and outer annu-l lar air channels 'and for regulating siniul-.

taneouslythe quantity ofr air and fuel supplied to the mixing chamber.

y f3. An improved burner vfor liquid fuel comprising in combination with the burner-jhaving an'air jinlet at its rear part-` and orming anannular air chamber in its? rear and amixing chamber in its front part, ,y a ring in said annulairchamber forming on' casin its inner surface a fuel distributing groove, a fuel supplyto be connected with said fuel the rear end of said casing, aefo'rwardly ojectin g lhollow-'body fixed 'upon lsaid ttom (p ate, a regulating cone in said hollow bo y projects from said hollow body, a shaft of said re lating cone guided in said bottom plate o the casing and axially arranged in said hollow body sov that an inner annular f air` channel is formed between said shaft,

the rear end of said regulating cone and .the inner surface of said hollow body, said ain channel getting narrower towards the front end, an outer sleeve like part of said regulating cone having outlet openings .for the fuel in j itsrear' end adapted to be brought .in communication with said fuel distributing groove of the casing, an inwardly projecting thickened part of said sleeve likepart forming at its rear part an outer annular' air channel together with the outer surface"f said hollow body. and having'air holes in its front part situated in front of said hollow body, ribs connecting said sleeve like part with said regulating cone and .fformin channels which connect the annular air c ambers with the mixing chamber which conduct the air arriving from the annular air chamber of the casing through the. air hole of the said sleeve-like ypart of the regulatingconevupon the current ofair and fuel coming from said outer annular air channel in a directionopposite to the direction of the air comingffrom'the inner annular air chamber, and means` for adjustin the regulating cone in axial direction witli regard to the hollow body for `opening' the inner and outer annular air .channels and for regulating simultaneously the quantity 'of air; and fuel-supplied to the mixing chamber.

4. An improved burner for liquid fuel l comprising in combination with the burner casing having an air inlet at its rea'r parts'o that .its pointed front endy and forming an annulariair chamber in its rear and a mixing chamber in its front part, a ring in sald annular chamberp forming on v"'its inner surface a fuel distributing groove and 4having an air outlet in 4front of said groove, 'a fuelsupply tube connected with said fuel distributing groove, a bottom plate closing .the rear end of said casing, a

orwardl projecting hollow body fixed upon sai bottom plate having an air outlet near its front end and a thickened partupon the outer surface', a regulating cone uponl the front end of said hollow body, ashaft of said regulating cone guided in said bottom plate of the casing and axially arranged in said hollow body so that an inner annular air channel is formed between said shaft,

'the rear end of said Vregulating cone and the linner surface of said hollow body, a rearwardly projecting cylindrical extension of said regulating cone havingair holes at its front` end adapted yto register withsaid air 'outlet of said hollow body, an `outer sleeve like part of said regulating cone having outlet openings for the fuel in itsI rear end.

adapted to be brought in communication with said fuel' distributing groove of the casing, an. inwardly' projecting thickened part'of said sleeve like part forming at its'` 'rear part an outer annular air channel to- Igether with the outer surface ofsaid hollow` odiT and having two ranges ofv air holes in its front part situated in front of said hollow bod ribs connecting said-sleeve like part witsaid regulating cone and forming channels which connect the annular air chambers with the mixing chamber which conduct the air arriving from the annular air chamber of the casing throu h the air .hole of the said sleeve like part o the regu# lating cone upon the current of air and fuel comin from said outer annular air channel in a irection 'o p osite to' the direction of theair coming chamber, and means for adjusting the regu# lating cone in axial direction with regard to the hollowbody for o ening the inner om the inner annular air and outer annular air c annels and for 5 regulating simultaneously the quantity.'of air and fuel supplied to the mixing chamber.

5. An improved burner fory liquid fuel"- mechas in said hollow body so that an inner annular air channel is formed between said shaft,-

narrower towards the frontend being j 1.formed between the outer .surface of said sleeve like extension of the regulating cone and said partition of the casing, tubes with narrow orifices coming from a fuel reservoir v and terminating' in the middle of said outer :all

. said air i plate closing .said regulating annular air channel so that the fuel is admixed with the air in a,nongyrating hollow cylindrical air current and the air and fuel mixture when -flowing out of said outer annular air channel into the mixing chamber is struck hollow cylindrical air current flowing out of holes at the frontend of said sleevelilre extension of the regulating cone, ribs projecting from the outer surface of said' regulating cone forming channels which connect said annulaiair channels with said inner chamber and means for adjusting the regulating .cone axial direction with re-l gard to said hollow body and for regulating simultaneously the quantity of air and fuel suppliedgto the mixing chamber.

6. An improved burner' for liquid fuel comprising in combination with the burner casing having an air inlet at its rear part and forming an annular air chamber in its a fuel distributing groove and having an air outlet in front of said groove, a fuel supply tube connected with said fuel, distributing groove, a bottom the rear end of said casing, a forwardly j projecting hollow body xed upon said bottom plate having an. 'air outlet near its front end and a thickened part upon the outer surface, aregulating cone upon the iront end of said hollow body, a shaft of getting casinor at an acute angle by a non-gyrating.

cone guidedin said bottom Y plate of the casing 'and axially arranged in said hollow body so that an inner annular air channel is formed between said shaft, the rear end of said regulating cone and the inner surface of said hollow body, a rearwardly projecting cylindrical extension of saidregulating cone having air holes at its front end adapted ,to register` with said air outlet of said hollow body, an outer sleeve like part of said regulating cone having outlet openings forthe fuel in its rear end adapted to be broughtin communication with said fuel distributing groove of the n, an inwardly projecting thickened part of said sleevelike part forming at its rear part an' outer annular air channel together with the outer surface of said hollow dv and havin(y two ran es of air holes in'its :front part situated in front of said hollow body, ribs connecting said sleeve like part with said regulating cone and forming channels which connect the .annular air chambers with the mixing chamber which conduct the air arriving from the annular air chamber of the casing through the air hole of the said sleeve like part of the regulating cone upon the current of air and fuel coming from said outer annular air channel in a direction opposite to the direction of the air coming from the inner annular air chamber, and .means for adjusting the regulating cone in axial direction outer annular air channels and of air and fuel supplied to the mixing chamber, the controlled air outlets from the three annular` air j channels being situated at 'all .positions of the regulating cone with regard Itothe direction of flow immediately behind FRANZ KARL HETSCH.

1rWitnesses'.l

Hans-TH. MYER,

Tom Kasi'.

` with regard to the hollow body for opening -the inner and for regulating simultaneously the quantity 

